Pakistan’s increasing population coupled with increasing demand of agriculture and other sectors and heavy dependence on Indus River for our water requirement is making Pakistan vulnerable to climatic shocks.
Dr Mohsin Hafeez, Country Representative-Pakistan and Regional Representative-Central Asia, International Water Management Institute (IWMI) stated this while speaking at a media workshop arranged by the IWMI to mark the ‘World Environment Day’ and sensitize the media on Pakistan’s water security challenges and the need to protect the most vulnerable from water scarcity and deterioration of water resources.
The World Environment Day is celebrated every year on 5 June to raise awareness for the conservation of planet earth. The theme for this year’s World Environment Day is ‘Only One Earth’ to call for collective, transformative action on a global scale to celebrate, protect and restore our planet.
Dr Mohsin Hafeez said, “Pakistan’s population is increasing at 2.40% annually, which is the highest in South Asia and is adding pressure on water resources. Similarly, the agriculture sector receives 90% of water share, and water demand from agriculture and other sectors is also increasing.
This is further compounded by the fact that Pakistan is among the top 10 countries most vulnerable to climate change. Our increasing dependence on the Indus River for our water requirements has also made us vulnerable to climatic shocks. Having a Water, Energy, Food and Ecosystems (WEFE) nexus approach is critical to rural livelihoods, food and nutrition security and economies.”
He also shared the salient features of the new research for development programme “NEXUS Gains for the Indus Basin: Realizing Multiple Benefits Across Water, Energy, Food and Ecosystems (Forests, Biodiversity)”, which is currently being implemented across Pakistan, Ethiopia, India, and Nepal, and aims to realize gains across water, energy, food and ecosystems — with a focus on forests and biodiversity for the ecosystem component — in selected trans-boundary river basins by leading global nexus thinking and providing tools, guidelines, training and facilitation for analysis and research for development.
The NEXUS Gains initiative in Pakistan focuses on the Indus Basin to improve integrated management of water, energy, food, land, biodiversity and forests for inclusive, sustainable development in the wake of climate change.
The key highlights of the NEXUS Gains initiative were also shared with the participating journalists.
Habib Ullah Bodlah, Chief Engineer Lahore, Punjab Irrigation Department (PID) informed the journalists regarding the water security situation in Punjab. According to Habib Ullah Bodlah, “Snowmelt significantly contributes to river flows in Pakistan but this year as the temperature is not high in northern areas, snowmelt has been less which has led to 50% water shortage in our canal system.
Effective management of water resources is crucial, as water in Mangla and Tarbela dams is on dead level.”
Bodlah also added that Pakistan needs more dams to store water. He said, “Climate change is a reality and rainfall patterns are getting erratic in our country. By developing more water storages and on farm water management practices, we can make our agriculture sector resilient to climate change.”
A presentation on water security challenges from economic perspective was shared by Dr Nadeem Javaid, Professor of Economics & Strategy, Karachi School of Business & Leadership (KSBL). According to him, “We have sufficient water resources but they are not managed properly.
Climate change is making river flows and rainfall patterns erratic. The situation calls for developing water storages to meet water requirements.
This should be further complemented by rainwater harvesting at the household level and further incentivizing this technology for mass scale adoption.”
Dr Nadeem Javaid further emphasized on commodification of water that will not only help to promote water efficiency and conservation but also discourage the cultivation of water intensive crops.
